Gas burner



Sept. 22, 1936. H. D. scHRADER 2,055,356

GAS BURNER Filedl Jan. 15, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 22,Y 1936. H. D.scHRADER GAS BURNER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Y Filed Jan. 15, 1932 N0. 3@ -l l Hl o m@ 1| WO om n@ E m II- o VH Il, @l O- M w w INVENTOR Sept. 22, 1936.H. D. scHRADER GAS BURNER Filed Jan. l5, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORSept. 22, 1936. H. D. scl-umalara GAS BURNER Filed Jan; 15, 1952INVENTOR Patented Sept. 22, 1936 Harold D. Schrader, Tulsa, Okla.

Application January15, 1932, Serial No. 586,765

, 3 Claims.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in gas burners foruse primarily for kilns in which clay products are burned but also"adapted to other use, and has for its object; to

provide a burner, the gasnozzle of which is calculated to eject the gasin manner whereby the gas and air will form a more perfect combustiblemixture for the desired use, than has heretofore been possible; toprovide an arrangement of air l0 conduits and registers or inlets intothe mixing chamber in manner whereby the mixture of gas and air will bemore nearly perfect for the use stated, than has heretofore beenpossible; to provide a mixing block assembly for the burner and mixingchamber in form more encient than has heretofore been known, for the usestated; to provide said burner in form and arrangement simple, cheap andeasily operated and adjusted;

to provide said burner in form readily removable from one kiln toanother; to provide said burner in form whereby it may be readilywithdrawn from the mixing chamber so that a refractory shield may beinterposed between it and the combustion chamber of the kiln when thesame is sufficiently hot and the burner not in use; to provide a burneradapted to properly function with equal efficiency both for lowtemperatures and for high temperatures and one that may be easilyregulated for the various temperature changes;

and to provide a gas burner whereby an incomplete combustion may beobtained when desired for treating and coloring the wares being burned.

With the above and other objects in View which will appear as thedescription proceeds, my invention consists in the novel featureshereinafter set forth in detail, illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which numerals of like character designatesimilar parts throughout the several views:

Fig. l is a view in longitudinal cross section of the complete apparatusincluding the gas nozzle, mixing block assembly and air registerassembly.

Fig. 2 is a view in elevation of the air register assembly attached tothe mixing block assembly but withdrawn from the face thereof with aheat resisting shield interposed between it and the furnace or kiln.

Fig. 3 is a partial .front view in elevation of the air registerassembly.

Fig. 4 is a view of an axial section of a burner head having a pluralityof discharge orices one l of which is adapted to be opened and closedand otherwise regulated while the burner is in operation.

Fig. 5 is a view in front elevation on line 5-5 of Fig. 6 showing aspider arrangement for holding the gas burner ln the primary airchamber. 5

.i independently delivered to each of the discharge orifices in the gasburner shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is-a cross section view on line 8 8 of 15 Fig. 6.

Figs. 9A and 9B are views of the burner tip of the smaller dischargeorifice shown in Fig. 6.

Fig.`10 is a view in front elevation on line I0--i 0 of Fig. 11 showinga spider arrangement for holdn ing the gas burner in the primary airchamber.

Fig. 11-is a longitudinal cross section view of another modified form ofconstruction of a. gas burner and also of. a primary air chamber whereina surface of refractory material is used to im- 2E pinge the gasdirected toward said refractory surface from one of the discharge oricesof the burner.

Fig'. 12 is a partial cross sectional view of the said burnerconstruction.

Fig. 13 is a view in elevation on line I3-i3 of Fig. 11 showing aconstruction providing ducts to the discharge orifices of the burner.

Figs. 14A and 14B are views in elevation of. one of the burner tips ofthe burner shown in Fig. 11. 35

Figs. 15C and 15D are views of a preferred form of construction of asingle burner mixing block assembly with C, showing a front elevation ofthe same and D showing a longitudinal cross section thereof. 40

Fig. 16 is a view in front elevation of a. preferred form ofconstruction of a nest of mixing block assembly for a plurality of gasburners.

Fig. 17 is a longitudinal cross sectional view 45 of a gas burnerprovided with means of supplying a forced draft in the primary airpassageway and also of a. modified form of construction of the gasdelivery ducts to the burner.

Fig. 18 is a cross sectional view of the samew on line I8-I8 of Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a cross sectional view of the same on line i9|9 of Fig. 17.

Figs. 20A and 20B are views in elevation of the burner tip shown in Fig.17. 55

Fig. 21 is a view of the mixing block assembly on line 2I-2i of Fig. 1.

In Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, I represents the wall oi the kiln or furnace,2 generally the mixing block assembly therein with 2a a frame thereforwhich supports the hereinafter mentioned air register assembly. 3 is thesecondary air duct formed between the member 3b of the mixing blockassembly 2 and the hereinafter mentioned collar 5b. 4 is an auxiliaryair duct formed in member 4b of the mixing block assembly 2. 5 is theprimary air duct which for convenience as well as eiciency is formed bya short collar 5b held in the air register assembly instead of in themixing block assembly.

The position of the exits of air ducts 3, 4, and 5, are indicated bynumerals 3a, 4a, and 5a, respectively and the mixing of gas andairoccurs from the burner tip where the gas enters thruout the mixing blockassembly and into the combustion chamber proper. 6 represents generallythe air register assembly which is slidably mounted on the mixing blockassembly by means of bars 1 attached thereto, through projecting arms 8extending from said register. This slidable mounting permits the entireburner and air register assembly to be withdrawn v from the face of themixing block assembly and to interpose a shield 9 of a refractorysubstance between the register with its burner mounted therein and thefurnace or kiln when the burner is not in use and heat is to be retainedin the kiln. It also permits the air register assembly `to be bodilyremoved from the mixing block as- 'the primary air passageway 5, and ilrepresenting the duct into the secondary air passageway 3, and i2representing the duct into the auxiliary air passageway f3. Dampers areprovided for the various passageways, I3 being the damper for theprimary duct 5, and i3 being the damper for the secondary air duct 3,and i5 being the damper for the auxiliary air duct 3. It will be notedthat the dampers i3 and i5 are slidably mounted on the bars I3 and maybe moved to and away from the face of the air ducts in the register, andthat the damper I5 is mounted directly on the damper I3 by means of itsrespective bars held on the damper M, and that it may be locked thereonl by thumbscrews il. All of the dampers are likewise capable of beinglocked on their respective bars by means of similar thumb screws shown.The damper i3 is, however, slidably mounted on the outer gas pipe I8.

The gas conduits and burner head are located preferably along the axisof the mixing block assembly and register and consist of a gas conduitor pipe i8 with the burner head i9 mounted thereon and an inner gasconduit or pipe 20 positioned concentric of said pipe i8 and locatedtherein and which is also connected into said burner head i9. Both ofsaid gas conduits are connected into the source of supply of said gas.The outer conduit is connected thereinto thru an L 2| and into a valveor cutoi 22 and hence into the T 23 which is connected with the generalsupply conduit 23 and leads to the discharge orice 25. The inner conduit20 is connected into the common source of gas supply thru a stuiling box25 mounted on the outer conduit i8 into which stufilng box said conduiti8 is passed and with an opening or openings 21 thru said inner conduitcommunicating with the aperture or apertures 28 of a spacer cage 29which in turn communicates with a port 30 in the stuiling box chamberwhich in turn communicates with the T 23 thru a valve or stop cock 3|and pipe nipples union and an L as shown in the drawings. The conduit 20is plugged after having vented into the yspacer cage and the packingelement 32 packs oil the conduit 20 from atmosphere while the packingelement 33 packs ofi said conduit 20 from the conduit I8, as the twopacking elements mentioned coniine the passage of the gas from port 30to conduit 20. Conduit 20 leads to a discharge orifice 34 in the burnerhead. The arrangement of valves 22 and 3| permits of an independentregulation of the iiow of gas to each of the discharge orices 25 and 3Bor a total cutting off of the gas supply to either orifice. The packinggland 35 compresses the packing elements 32 and 33 to pack off in thestuillng box 26.

Concerning the gas burner itself and more particularly its dischargeorifices and their regulation, in Fig. 4 the enlarged drawing of theburner head i9 shows a truncated cone 36 threaded on said pipe 2U, thesame also being shown in Fig. 1, which provides a bearing for the pipe20 to retain its center alignment so that the lips of the dischargeorice 25 conform to each other. Member 36 also serves as a jam nut orthrust flange on one end of the pipe 20. The pipe 23 continues thru saidmember 36 and on its end is permanently affixed the burner tip 31 oforifice 25. The other end of pipe 20 is threaded as at 38, on whichthread is a lock or jam nut 33 held for convenience within a cage in theend of the stuffing box gland 35. At the end of the pipe 20 is a knob orhandle 4G secured thereto by means of which plpe 20 may be movedlongitudinally, to open, close and otherwise regulate the dischargeorifice 25, which may be done by pulling backward on said knob, thusforcing the truncated cone 36 into frictional contact with the bodyportion of the burner head I8, whereupon the pipe 2D may be turned inits threads in said member 36 to cause the orice 25 to be regulated,opened or closed as may be desired, after which the jam nut 33 may beturned to lock the pipe 2@ in its desired position. The ducts, (il inthe body portion of the burner head i9. at all times communicate betweensaid oriiice 25 and said conduit I8, in the same manner as in the headshown in Fig. 6, and the orice is regulated as aforesaid solely by themovement of its burner tip 31.

The burner tip 31 also serves as a container or body portion for thedischarge orifice 33 which communicates with pipe 20. This last namedoriiice has a burner tip 32 threaded into the burner tip' 31 andrecessed as at i3 to communicate with the end of pipe 20 on which theburner tip 31 is held. The burner tip 32 is provided with ducts Mleading from said recess 33 into an annular recess at the orifice 3d.This arrangement is also shown for the'small orifice yburner tip in Fig.6, and the corresponding ducts are clearly shown in Fig. 9 of the burnertip mentioned. The burner tip 42 at the orice 33 is not adjustable tovary the orifice while the burner is in operation, but it may beadjusted when not in use by screwing it in or out of the member 31. Aspacer -washer of desired thickness may be inserted abutting between theend of the pipe 20 and the threaded member 42, similar to thearrangement of spacer washers shown in Fig. 6.

Consider now the second set of drawingsliigs. 5 to 9 inclusive, amodified form of nozzle and gas delivery conduits thereto, is shown, inkwhich a plurality of discharge orifices is used in manner similar tothe'use of the nozzle shown in Fig. 1. However, neither of theseorifices is adjustable while the burner is in operation, although bothmay be adjusted prior to use. There is no occasion for the inner gasconduit to be movable, hence the gas conduits are rigidly connected to acommon source of supply of gas. Independent control valves for the gasdelivery conduits are provided similar to those shown in Fig. 1 and forthe same purpose. In this set of drawings 50 represents generally theburner head held in a spider with ribs 5| in an annular member 52attached to tuyre D which is integral of the air register assemblyproper. E is the damper to the primary air passageway which said damperis slidably attached to the outer gas conduit pipe 53 to the burner. Fis a bar slidably affixed in the annular spider member 52 andpermanently affixed to the damper G. Pipe 53 corresponds to pipe I0 andpipe 54 to pipe 20 while the T 55 corresponds to the T 23 connected allinto the common line from which the' gas is derived, as shown in Fig. l.H and I represent valves or stops corresponding to those of 3| andA 22respectively of Fig. l. 56 is an orifice corresponding to orifice 25,and 64 is an orifice like unto that at 34. Ducts 51 lead from pipe 53 toorifice 56, with 58 the burner tip for said orifice, said tip beingthreaded into the burner head body portion 50 with recess 60 pro videdto communicate between pipe 54 and a recess 6| in a burner tip 62threaded into tip 53 and with radial ducts 63 leading from said recess6| to an annular recess at the orifice 64. Spacer washer65 by itsthickness regulates the size of the orice 56 and spacer washer 56likewise regulates the size `of the orifice 64.

A further modification of a burner head and tuyre arrangement is shownin the group of Figs. 10 to 13, inclusive. I'he burner head is shownmounted and positioned in a tuyre the same as with the head in Figs. 1and 6, with the same spider arrangement to hold it in place. The burnerhead also has a nozzle with two annular discharge orifices but in thisarrangement the gas passing through the outer pipe 10 is conducted tothe annular discharge orifice 1 I through ducts 12 in the body portion13 of the head and an annular recess 82 at said orifice, whereas thegas'passing through the inner pipe 14 is conducted to the annular seriesof dischargevents or jets 15 which perforate a ring 15 offset in itsinner perimeter to form an annular recess 11 when the ring 15 is inposition on the body portion 13 of the burner head. The recess 11communicates with the pipe 14 thru ducts 18 in the body portion of thehead and thru the recess 19 found in the head and into which the pipe 14is threaded. The ring 15 is held on the head 13 by means of a shoulderon the head and a packing follower 80 threaded thereon with a packingring 8| compressed between numbers 15 and 80. This annular series ofjets 15 can not be adjusted but an entirely different ring 16 whereinthe jets are placed and having a different number of jets or jets of adifferent size, or both, can be substituted. The orifice 1| can beadjusted by means of the threaded connection 88 of the burner tip 83 andspacer washer 54, the thickness of which would determine the width ofthe orifice 1|.

It willbe noted, however,

that the jets 15 are directed so that gas passing through the same willimpinge on the wall 85 of the tuyre 35 and .that this wall 85 is made ofa refractory material to facilitate combustion of a part of the gas andair in the tuyre 06. Such an arrangement is highly f beneficial tofurtherv the combustion which takes place in the combustion chamber. InFig. 11 this refractory material is shown as an insert 01 in the tuyre86.

Turning now to the arrangement of burner! gitudinal movement of theinner pipe 93 is without threads, and the pipe 93 is slidably mountedthrough an aperture in the body portion of thel burner head as at 94 andthru the packing 95 in a stuff-lng box 96 with packing gland 91, andlwhen in the desired position is locked by a set screw 93 in a lock ring99 slidably mounted on said pipe 93 which resists the pressure on theburner head, n

which pressure causes the pipe 93 to tend to move forward. Furthermore,in Fig. 17 is shown a means for providing a forced draft through theprimary air passageway |00, the same being a pipe |0I through which airmay be forced, and which surrounds the gas supply pipes 93 and |02 atthe burner, but through which the gas pipes 93 and. |02 pass outside ofthe conduit at a bend or L therein as shown, with set screw |03. Theconstruction of the spider with ribs |04 holding the nozzle in the tuyre|00 is also somewhat different but not sufficiently so to necessitate anexplanation.

In Fig. l5 is shown a preferred form of mixing block assembly for asingle burner in which ||0 represents the secondary air passagewaysimilar to 3 of Fig. l, and |I| four auxiliary air passage- .ways formedby the included angles of the outer square andthe alternate sides of theoctagonally shaped exterior of the conduit forming the secondarypassageway |I0. It will be noted that in Fig. 15D the form taken by thetuyre I0 is that of an inverted Venturi tube. v

Fig. 16 shows a nest of tuyre blocks or a mixing block assembly adaptedto use with a number of gas burners, as is often to be preferred. Inthis form the openings H2 constitute the secondary air passageway, beingthe equivalent of IIO, and I3 the auxiliary air passage ways the samebeing the equivalent of I.

In operation, the volume of gas passed to each of the delivery orificesof the burner may be reg ulated, through valves 22 and 3| .of Fig. 1, orH and I of Fig. '7 independently of the other; the size of one of thedelivery orifices of the burner may be regulated, through manipulationof the pipe 20 Y of Fig. l, or the pipe 93 of Fig. 17, independently ofthe other; and the volume of air and its point of delivery withreference to the burner nozzle and with reference to the combustionchamber and its v mixing chamber, yif any, or with reference to the kilnwhen the burner is employed in a kiln, may be regulated through thevarious tuyres and with the various dampers thereto as shown in thedrawings, independently of the other tuyres and dampers thereto; all of,which makes said gas burning apparatus extremely susceptible to a widerange of control of the combustion. This is of particular advantage inthe operation of kilns in which clay wares are burned, for as is wellknown,

an extreme range of temperatures is not only necessary but also a highrange in the completeness or incompleteness of the combustion of the gasand air is very much to be desired and of extreme importance. Theregulation of the ow of the gas from the plurality of delivery orificesand the manipulation of the dampers for the tuyres permit not only of ahigh degree of perfection in complete combustion but permit also ofregulating the burners so as to obtain the desired incomplete combustionduring the clay burning process, as is well known in the art ofceramics. In as `much as the various tuyres shown' make delivery of theair atdiiferent points with reference to the burner and mixing chamberand combustion chamber,

the mixture of the air and gas is still further conified form of Venturitube is also to be desired as an aid to more perfect combustion.

The form of the mixing block assembly as shown in Fig. 15 makes foreiciency in combustion, and the nesting of mixing block assembly in formas shown in Fig. 16 where a plurality of burners is desired, as isfrequently the case, not

only permits of a maximum volume of air to be passed through the tuyresfor any given cross sectional area thereof, but also conserves the spaceand facilitates the regulation of the burners.

The bars whichare mounted on the mixing block assembly and which supportthe burner apparatus in a slidable and removable manner, permit theburner to be removed for use at another furnace or kiln when desired, asis readily apparent from the drawings, and the burner apparatus may,when desired, be pulled away from the mixing block assembly and arefractory shield as shown at 9 of Fig. 2, interposed between the burnerand the furnace heat, preserving the burner apparatus againstunnecessary deterioration caused by the heat and also permitting theopening to be tightly sealed if desired. The two outer sets of dampersbeing capable of independent regulation and also being in form adaptedto be locked together as one damper, also facilitates the control of thecombustion.

Further matters of operation-need not be set forth because to do sowould require an elaboraion of the science of ceramics, which is anextremely technical matter, and those skilled in that art have aknowledge of combustion and of burner operation such as will enable themto understand the operation of the burners disclosed, without furtherexplanation.

Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a gas burner wherein two concentrically positioned gas conduits,one located within the other, are employed to conduct gas to a pluralityof discharge orices in said burner and wherein one oi said dischargeorifices is opened and closed and otherwise regulated by moving saidinner conduit in a direction longitudinal of said outer conduit, anouter conduit as aforesaid, an aperture therein adapted to be connectedwith the source of supply of said gas, an inner conduit as aforesaid andwith said inner conduit passed thru the stufllng box hereinaftermentioned, a stumng box as aforesaid positioned on said outer conduitand adapted to receive and pack off said inner conduit from said outerconduit, a packing chamber in said stuiiing box and adapted to receiveand retain two packing elements disposed one on either side of a spacercage interposed between them, packing elements as aforesaid, a spacercage as aforesaid, a port in said packing chamber positioned and adaptedto be connected with the source of supply of said gas and to communicatewith an aperture in said spacer cage, an aperture in said spacer cageaforesaid positioned and .adapted to communicate with an aperture insaid inner conduit, an aperture in said inner conduit as aforesaidpositioned and adapted to communicate with the aperture in said spacercage, and means of compressing said packing supporting said 'outerdamper, gas delivering means supported by said air register assembly atthe center thereof, a passageway in said air register assembly thruwhich air is free to flow to said gas delivering means, a mixing blockassembly with passageways corresponding to those in said air registerassembly, and means carried by said mixing block assembly for removablysupporting said air register assembly.

. 3. In a gas burning apparatus for generating heat, the combination ofa gas nozzle, a mixing block assembly, an air and gas mixing chambertherein into which said gas nozzle is directed, a secondary air duct insaid mixing block assembly leading into said mixing chamber, anauxiliary air duct in said mixing block assembly, an air registerassembly adapted to be positioned at the face of said mixing blockassembly and with said air register assembly having therein a primaryair duct positioned immediately about said nozzle and directed into saidmixing chamber, a damper for said primary air passageway, and with saidair register assembly also having therein a secondary air passageway andcommunicating with the secondary air duct aforesaid, a damper for saidsecondary air passageway, and with said air register assembly alsohaving therein an auxiliary air passageway further removed from the axisof said nozzle than is the aforesaid secondary air passageway andcommunicating with the auxiliary air duct aforesaid, a damper for saidauxiliary air passageway, and means for interlocking the damper of thesecondary air passageway with the damper of the auxiliary airpassageway.

HAROLD D. SCHRADER.

